Flash boiling combustion of isomeric butanol and gasoline surrogate blends using constant volume spray chamber and GDI optical engine

Flash boiling spray has been regarded as a promising fuel injection technology. Many investigations have focused on physics and mechanisms of flash spray, but information alcohols in GDI engines is very limited. In this paper, the characteristics, flame propagation, combustion analysis, PN emissions butanol isomers under studied. A constant volume chamber with high-speed camera used to investigate gasoline surrogate blends. The was tested at 180 °C compared subcooled 25 °C. surrogates are primary reference (PRF) toluene (TPRF). leads collapse six plumes into single extended plume longer penetration injection. study then effects development optical engine. results reveal that lower apparent speed area due lean-like burn condition, yellow spots diminished. peak in-cylinder pressure heat release rate reduced ignition delay when applied. lasted conditions improved late phase, which higher released. conditions.